What are the outcomes intended by classical theory's approach to punishment?

The outcomes intended by classical theory's approach to punishment center around the concepts of deterrence and the reduction of crime. Classical theory, primarily influenced by philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria, posits that the imposition of punishment serves as a means to discourage both the individual who committed the crime and others in society from engaging in similar unlawful behaviors.

This theory emphasizes that punishment should be proportionate, swift, and certain, making it clear that the consequences of committing a crime will outweigh any potential benefits. By fostering a reliable system of punishment, people will be less inclined to commit crimes, resulting in an overall decrease in criminal activity. Thus, the overarching goal of this approach is to promote public safety and maintain social order by creating a strong deterrent effect against criminal behavior.

In contrast to unintended outcomes, such as encouraging more crime, reducing rehabilitation, or increasing community unrest, the classical theory is fundamentally about establishing a disciplined framework that aims to curb crime and enhance societal stability through effective deterrence strategies.