Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board (ILETSB) Practice Exam

What defines individual characteristics in physical evidence?

1. The most obvious features distinguishable in an object

2. Unique features that allow for positive identification

3. General traits shared by a group

4. Obvious features of a common item

The correct answer is: Unique features that allow for positive identification

The definition of individual characteristics in physical evidence centers on unique features that enable a positive identification of an object or material. Individual characteristics are the specific traits that set an object apart from all others, allowing forensic experts to link evidence to a particular source definitively. For example, in forensic science, when analyzing fingerprints, the unique ridge patterns and minutiae points constitute individual characteristics that can conclusively match a fingerprint to a specific individual. Similarly, in firearms identification, the unique markings left on a bullet or cartidge case can ascertain which firearm discharged it. This concept is important in legal contexts, where the ability to positively identify evidence can impact the outcomes of investigations and court cases. In contrast, choices referring to obvious features or general traits focus on characteristics that either are shared among many items or lack the uniqueness required for definite identification, making them insufficient to identify a specific source or individual.