Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board (ILETSB) Practice Exam

What does routine activity theory propose is necessary for a crime to occur?

1. A significant amount of evidence gathered

2. A motivated offender, a suitable target, and an absence of a capable guardian

3. A confrontation between the victim and offender

4. Involvement of multiple witnesses

The correct answer is: A motivated offender, a suitable target, and an absence of a capable guardian

Routine activity theory posits that for a crime to occur, three key elements must converge: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. This theory emphasizes that crime is often the result of everyday activities and interactions within a society, rather than solely influenced by the characteristics of the offender or victim. A motivated offender refers to someone who has the desire and intent to commit a crime, often driven by various factors such as economic gain, revenge, or impulsive behavior. A suitable target is any person or object that the offender perceives as vulnerable or easy to access, which could include homes, vehicles, or individuals. The absence of a capable guardian means that there is no one present to deter or prevent the crime, whether that be law enforcement, security systems, or vigilant neighbors. This theory highlights that crime can occur in everyday situations, and it is the convergence of these three elements that creates the opportunity for criminal behavior. Understanding this can help law enforcement and communities develop strategies to prevent crime by increasing guardianship or reducing the suitability of targets.