What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

The 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. This provision establishes a fundamental right for individuals to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, which means that law enforcement officials must have probable cause and, in many cases, a warrant to conduct searches or seize property. This protection ensures a balance between individual privacy rights and the government’s ability to enforce the law, thus safeguarding citizens against arbitrary governmental intrusions.

In the context of the other options, while self-incrimination, excessive bail, and double jeopardy are important legal protections found in the Constitution, they pertain to different amendments. The protection against self-incrimination is covered by the 5th Amendment, excessive bail is addressed in the 8th Amendment, and double jeopardy is also safeguarded by the 5th Amendment. Therefore, the correct choice accurately identifies the scope of the 4th Amendment, which is solely concerned with the protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.