What is a commutation of sentence?

A commutation of sentence refers specifically to a reduction in the length or severity of a sentence that has already been imposed on an inmate. This legal action is typically granted by a governor or another authorized body and does not erase the conviction itself but rather modifies the punishment. For instance, a prisoner serving a long sentence may receive a commutation that shortens their time in prison or changes their sentence from prison time to parole. This is distinct from a complete pardon, which would erase the criminal conviction, or a removal of a criminal charge, which pertains to dismissing the charge altogether. Additionally, a transfer to another correctional facility involves moving an inmate from one location to another, which doesn't relate to the terms or conditions of their sentence. Understanding the concept of commutation is essential for those studying law enforcement, as it pertains to the broader topic of criminal justice and the discretion available to executive authorities in managing sentencing.