Which amendment provides protection against self-incrimination?

The 5th Amendment to the United States Constitution provides protection against self-incrimination. This means that an individual cannot be compelled to testify against themselves in a criminal case. The language of the amendment includes the famous phrase "nor shall any person... be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself," which establishes the principle that individuals have the right to refuse to answer questions or provide testimony that could potentially incriminate them. This protection is a fundamental aspect of the American legal system, ensuring that individuals are not forced to participate in their own prosecution.

In contrast, the 6th Amendment focuses on the rights of individuals accused in criminal proceedings, including the right to a fair trial, an impartial jury, and legal counsel. The 4th Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring individuals’ privacy rights. The 3rd Amendment addresses the quartering of soldiers in private homes, which is largely a historical concern. Thus, the 5th Amendment is specifically dedicated to safeguarding against self-incrimination.