Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board (ILETSB) Practice Exam

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Which theory posits that the likelihood of criminal behavior is influenced by the perceived consequences of punishment?

Social Learning Theory
Innovation Theory
Deterrence Theory
Routine Activities Theory

The correct answer is: Deterrence Theory

The theory that suggests the likelihood of criminal behavior is influenced by the perceived consequences of punishment is Deterrence Theory. This perspective is based on the idea that individuals weigh the risks and benefits of their actions before deciding to engage in criminal behavior. If potential offenders believe that the likelihood of facing severe and certain punishment outweighs the benefits of committing a crime, they are less likely to engage in such behavior. Deterrence Theory applies both to general deterrence, which aims to prevent crime in the general population by instilling fear of punishment, and specific deterrence, which focuses on preventing an individual from re-offending after experiencing punishment. This theory is heavily grounded in the rational-choice perspective, where individuals are seen as rational actors who make decisions based on the expected outcomes. The other theories mentioned do not specifically focus on the influence of punishment in the same way. Social Learning Theory emphasizes learning behaviors through social interactions and the observation of others, while Innovation Theory deals with how new methods and ideas can lead to changes in behavior, especially in the context of criminal activity. Routine Activities Theory centers on the circumstances surrounding crime opportunities rather than on punishment’s effect on potential offenders.